Skip to main content

Replies sorted oldest to newest

Once Re-elected My first priority will be to achieve Universal Secondary Education.
As you know we’re well on track on that. We promised that in 2011. We said in the next five years we will bring Universal Secondary Education to this country and we are very, very clear we were going to do that, About 90% of our children leaving primary school are now in secondary school, and my first priority will be to ensure that we complete that process in the shortest possible time.

FM
Originally Posted by Shaitaan:
Originally Posted by Cobra:

 

Hey may be all those things but I'm pretty sure that General Granger will "SOLUTE" the flag properly D

 

Also, you guys can "BUILT BUILDING FOR EMPLOYMENT" waaaaaay better

 

You know, I guess you people do need Universal Secondary Education badly

"Band Food Items" 

Mars
Originally Posted by Mars:
Originally Posted by Shaitaan:
Originally Posted by Cobra:

 

Hey may be all those things but I'm pretty sure that General Granger will "SOLUTE" the flag properly D

 

Also, you guys can "BUILT BUILDING FOR EMPLOYMENT" waaaaaay better

 

You know, I guess you people do need Universal Secondary Education badly

"Band Food Items" 

 

These people are friggin idiots man

FM

The Trail Of Diplomacy

Editor   - Dr.Odeen Ishmael
  ÂĐ GNI Publications - 1998
   
Homepage     || GNI Publications     || News ||     History of Guyana
 
 
  A Documentary History of the Guyana-Venezuela Border Issue

  By   Dr.Odeen Ishmael Ambassador the State of Kuwait and former Ambassador of   Guyana to Venezuela.
  ÂĐ Copyright 1998

 
 Revised   January 2013

     

     
   

 

Part One - Dutch and British Colonisation     (1500-1895) (Chapters 1-8)

Part Two - American Intervention (Chapters     9-12)

Part Three - The Arbitral Award (Chapters     13-14)

Part Four - Renewal Of The Venezuelan     Claim (Chapters 15-18)

Part Five - From the Geneva Agreement     to the Protocol of Port of Spain (Chapters 19-28)

Part Six - 1970-1981 (Chapters 29-32)

Part Seven - Build Up Of Tensions     (Chapters 33-37)

Part Eight - Ending The Protocol (Chapters     38-42)

Part Nine - Involvement Of The United     Nations (Chapters 43-56)

Appendix 1 - Venezuela's Conflicting Claims

Appendix 2 - Sketch map showing the boundaries     as claimed by Great Britain and Venezuela

Appendix 3 - Boundary between Guyana and Venezuela     showing the division of Ankoko Island

Appendix 4 - Map showing the twelve-mile belt of     sea extending from the coast of Guyana

Appendix 5 - Map showing boundary lines of British     Guiana, 1896

Appendix 6 - Early map of the northwestern parts     of South America showing the Guiana region (by G. Blaeu, 1635)  

Appendix     7 - Map of Guyana (circa 1940) showing the locations of Amerindian     tribes

Appendix     8 - Seventeenth century map showing the Guiana region

Appendix     9 - Map showing Raleigh’s journey up the Orinoco River

Appendix     10 - Sixteenth century sketch showing the city of Manoa d’El Dorado

Appendix     11 - Map of the upper Cuyuni River region

Appendix     12 - Map of the Dutch colonies of Berbice and Essequibo-Demerara

Appendix     13 - Map showing the disputed territory

Appendix     14 - Map showing the Brazil-Guyana boundary award in 1904

Appendix     15 - Map of Guyana showing areas claimed by Venezuela and Suriname

Appendix     16 - Political map of Guyana

INTRODUCTION    

When in 1830     Venezuela finally won its independence from Spain, the new nation was anxious     to have clear delimitation of its borders. In pursuance of this objective,     Venezuela raised the issue of its eastern borders with Great Britain whose     colony of British Guiana (as Guyana was then known) bounded Venezuela on the     east.

In 1840, Great     Britain attempted to delimit the western boundary of British Guiana when Robert     Schomburgk, assigned by the British Government, conducted a comprehensive     survey. However, Venezuela declined to accept the line recommended by Schomburgk     - who included the basins of the Essequibo and the Cuyuni Rivers as British     Guiana's territory. By claiming the entire Cuyuni basin, Schomburgk marked     his line almost near to the Orinoco River, thus placing the boundary further     west than is currently the case. On the other hand, Venezuela declared that     all lands west of the Essequibo River as its territory.

This dispute     continued until 1897 when President Cleveland of the United States of America,     who championed the Venezuelan side of the issue particularly after 1895, forced     Great Britain to submit the matter to arbitration. To this end, Venezuela     and Great Britain in 1897 agreed to the Treaty of Washington which submitted     the dispute to an Arbitral Tribunal on which both countries were to be equally     represented.

The Tribunal     duly met in 1899 in Paris, France, and handed down its Award, describing in     detail the boundary between Venezuela and British Guiana. Venezuela willingly     accepted this Award and fully honoured it until 1962. In that year Venezuela     declared that the 1899 border agreement was null and void, and again resuscitated     the claim that all the land west of the Essequibo River - an area of about     50,000 square miles representing nearly two-thirds of the territory of British     Guiana - was the territory of the Spanish-speaking republic.

Records were     again examined and although Venezuela had no case, the Governments of Venezuela,     Great Britain and British Guiana in February 1966 signed an agreement in Geneva,     Switzerland, by which a Mixed Commission was appointed to seek satisfactory     solutions for the practical settlement of the controversy arising over Venezuela's     contention of the nullity of the 1899 Award.

While this Commission     was in existence, Venezuela on a number of occasions occupied Guyanese border     territory and was accused by the Government of Guyana (independent since May     1966) of interfering in Guyanese internal affairs.

The matter dragged     on until June 1970 when, by the Protocol of Port of Spain, both Venezuela     and Guyana agreed to shelve the dispute for a period of at least twelve years.     This Protocol came to an end in 1982 when Venezuela refused to renew it. Subsequent     discussions by the two governments, under the terms of the Geneva Agreement,     eventually led to both governments agreeing to request the Secretary General     of the United Nations to find a method for bringing about a settlement. The     UN Secretary General in 1990 appointed a "Good Officer" to meet with representatives     of Guyana and Venezuela to examine various proposals. Since then, these meetings     have continued at regular intervals.

It must be pointed     out that this part of Guyana claimed by Venezuela is extremely rich in forest,     water and mineral resources. It is known that the Imataka Mountain area which     extends into both Guyana and Venezuela has huge deposits of iron ore. In addition,     manganese deposits are located in the North West District of Guyana, while     gold and diamonds, among other minerals, are found in the Barima, Mazaruni,     Cuyuni and Potaro districts. There is also the possibility that petroleum     deposits lie under the continental shelf off the Essequibo coast.

This documentary     history of the Guyana-Venezuela border controversy has been compiled from     published records which have a direct bearing on the issue. The material for     the Chapters     2 to 8 has been taken from the public document entitled The Case     on Behalf of the Government of Her Britannic Majesty, which was presented     as part of the British Case before the Arbitral Tribunal in 1899. Large parts     have been reproduced in full, though some minor modifications in the vocabulary     used in the Case have been made. The Venezuelan contentions before 1899 are     included in some detail in the course of these seven chapters.

Chapter     9, dealing with the intervention of the United States of America has been     written after much consultation with the contemporary histories of the USA,     Venezuela and Great Britain; while Chapters 10,     11     and 12     utilise materials from the Report of the United States Commission on     Boundary Between Venezuela and British Guiana. Chapter     13,     which describes the granting of the Arbitral Award, employs material taken     from the records of the British and Venezuelan Cases before the Arbitral Tribunal.    

The succeeding     chapters have been compiled from documents and other materials published by     the Governments of Guyana and Venezuela, from statements and other materials     published by the People's Progressive Party (PPP) of Guyana and, to no small     extent, from newspaper reports during the relevant periods.

This account     is not intended to be an academic exercise and to enable easy reading, the     convention of appending references is not followed; instead all quoted references     are mentioned in the text itself.

In the course     of this documentary which covers five centuries of Guyanese history, there     is some repetition of certain facts, but it must be made clear that this has     been found to be unavoidable. It is, nevertheless, hoped that this documentary     history will enable the reader to follow the development of the dispute, and     to observe the diplomatic and other measures applied, from the inception of     the border dispute to its present situation, as clearly as possible.

FM

Venezuela Seize ship Drilling for Oil

in Guyana Waters...

Guyana, Venezuela to meet over border issues

 

US-Ship1Georgetown: Foreign Ministers of Guyana and Venezuela will meet Thursday to resolve the outcome of a ship and crew hired by a U.S. oil exploration firm that Venezuela seized in disputed waters.

However, the Venezuelan Attorney General’s Office charged Ukrainian captain Igor Bekirov for allegedly violating Venezuela’s exclusive economic zone onboard the oil exploration US ship Teknik Perdana.

 

The ship was intercepted by Venezuelan authorities on October 10 in Guyana.

 

Both Ministers will meet in Trinidad and Tobago “in the hope of resolving diplomatically whatever difference exists between both sides,” a Venezuelan government statement said.

 

Venezuela said the ship had violated its waters. Guyana says the boat was well within its territory and Venezuela's action has threatened its national security.

 

The boat was been taken to the Venezuelan island of Margarita but was released today.

 

Oil companies have been increasingly interested in the northeastern shoulder of South America since a discovery off nearby French Guyana in 2011 that industry experts described as a game-changer for the region's energy prospects.

 

Venezuela and Guyana have long argued about the status of the disputed Essequibo region, an area on the border about the size of the U.S. state of Georgia, and over rights to the ocean resources that lie offshore. Venezuela calls it a "reclamation zone," but in practice it functions as Guyanese territory.

FM

President Ramotar refuses to work with Majority Opposition to Address Venezuela Threats.

 

Opposition Leader calls on President to convene border and national security committee

...following Venezuela incident

October 18, 2013 · By Stabroek editor ·

 

Leader of the Opposition Brigadier David Granger today called on President Donald Ramotar to convene a border and national security committee in the wake of last week’s seizure by Caracas of a ship in Guyana’s waters.

 

Granger in a statement today said that the committee should immediately consider the implications of, and Guyana’s response to, the “unprecedented seizure of an unarmed, scientific survey vessel by the Venezuelan Bolivarian Navy (Armada Bolivariana de Venezuela).” The vessel was undertaking exploration in Guyana Exclusive Economic Zone on 10th October 2013.

 

Granger said his  call is based on the June 2001 Report of the Border and National Security Committee of which he was co-Chairman. The Report recommended that the highest level of consultations for discussion and resolution of issues on border and national security issues should take place between the President and Leader of the Opposition.

 

Granger expressed astonishment at the ‘Joint Statement’ issued yesterday after the meeting between Guyana’s Minister of Foreign Affairs Carolyn Rodrigues-Birkett and Venezuela’s Minister for Foreign Relations, Elias Jaua Milano, in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago. He said that the ‘Joint Statement’ merely “agreed to explore mechanisms within the context of international law to address the issue of maritime delimitation.” He argued that it did not address the dangerous use, or threat of the use, of armed force by Venezuela against Guyana which is in contravention of Art. 2 (4) of the Charter of the United Nations.

 

Granger said that it has become evident that there is need to strengthen the role of the National Assembly, the capability of the Government of Guyana and the capacity of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to respond to challenges to the country’s territorial integrity.

FM

Detained vesselâ€ĶCase turned over to Venezuelan Prosecutors

October 15, 2013 | By | Filed Under News 

 

 

 
â€Ķ36 crewmembers to be held on board as investigations continue   

Five American citizens were among the crew of a U.S.-chartered oil exploration ship seized by the Venezuelan navy in Guyana waters on Thursday.

 

 

The coordinates released by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, depicting the location of the vessel at the time of its seizure.

The coordinates released by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, depicting the location of the vessel at the time of its seizure.

Authorities from Venezuela escorted the vessel into port at Venezuela’s Margarita Island on Sunday and said they would be held on board along with the other crewmembers while an investigation continued.
Admiral Angel Belisario Martinez has told the Venezuelan media outfit, ‘Union Radio’ that the research ship was conducting “unauthorized scientific work” in Venezuela’s exclusive economic zone. He said the case had been turned over to prosecutors.
Venezuela’s Foreign Ministry had said Friday that the ship and its crew would be subject to an “inquiry under the International Maritime Law and pursuant to the safeguarding of our sovereignty in maritime areas.”
The 285-foot survey ship, Teknik Perdana, was detained by then Venezuelan Navy, in what Guyana maintains from a part of its coastal Exclusive Economic Zone.
Guyana’s Minister of Foreign Affairs, Carolyn Rodrigues-Birkett and her Venezuelan counterparts have since agreed to meet and hold discussions on the impasse.
People’s Progressive Party (PPP) Member of Parliament, Dr Vindhya Persaud, yesterday announced that Minister Carolyn Rodgrigues-Birkett and her Venezuelan counterpart will meet on Friday.
Dr. Persaud was at the time speaking at the party’s weekly press briefing at Freedom House. She reiterated that the PPP has always advocated for diplomatic and peaceful alternatives to address issues of mutual concern between neighbouring states and as such, the party supports a peaceful resolution to the current situation.
She added, “We firmly believe that this process has been advanced over the years to a stage where our nation enjoys cooperative and meaningful relations with our neighbours.”

A Venezuelan Coast Guard boat sits next to the 285-foot survey ship Teknik Perdana docked near the shore in Margarita Island, Venezuela, Sunday [AP Photo)

A Venezuelan Coast Guard boat sits next to the 285-foot survey ship Teknik Perdana docked near the shore in Margarita Island, Venezuela, Sunday (AP Photo)

Dr. Persaud said that in the case of Venezuela, “this is evidenced in a number of bilateral engagements and exchange visits between our two nations which redound to the benefit of the citizens in each state. Hence, this recent development is to be regretted.
She concluded that the PPP supports the employment of all peaceful means to resolve this unfortunate development in the shortest possible timeframe and to ensure there is no recurrence in the future.
The vessel, sailing under a Panamanian flag, was conducting a seismic study for Anadarko Petroleum Corporation under a concession from Guyana.
Texas-based Anadarko said that it was working with the U.S. and Guyana Governments to secure the release of the crew and the vessel.
Gregory Adams, spokesman for the US Embassy in Caracas, is reported as telling the Associated Press, that the embassy had not been given any official information on the five detained US citizens.
The ship crew includes two Britons, two Russians, a Frenchman, five Ukrainians, two Brazilians, five Malaysians and 14 Indonesians.
The move by the Venezuelan military has since drawn condemnation from the Government of Guyana and the major political opposition party, A Partnership for National Unity (APNU).
Both Government and APNU have called the move to seize the vessel from Guyana’s waters and detain it in Venezuela a threat to international peace.
According to the local Foreign Affairs Ministry, “These actions by the Venezuelan naval vessel are unprecedented in Guyana Venezuela relations.”
The Ministry is adamant that “one point is clear and that is, that the MV Teknik Perdana was in Guyana’s waters when this incident took place.”
Guyana had requested the immediate release of the vessel and its crew but this is yet to occur.

FM
Last edited by Former Member

 

GDF CONFIRM 36 members of the Venezuelan military entered Guyana's land and air space in Cuyuni River near Iguana Island and used explosives to blow up the dredges owned by Guyanese.

Venezuela denies Guyana mine dredge blasts

News // November 20, 2007

 

AFP reports that Venezuela has denied blowing up two gold-mining dredges in Guyana, despite a formal protest by the Guyanese government.

"According to the information that we have, nothing like that happened. It is not in the border area, it is in Venezuela," Venezuela's Ambassador to Guyana, Dario Morandy, told reporters.

Morandy was speaking after a second round of talks with Guyana's Foreign Minister, Rudy Insanally. 

Morandy said Venezuela had been concerned about illegal gold miners from Venezuela, Guyana, Brazil and Colombia, and needed to protect the river basins of the Wenamu and Cuyuni Rivers. "All these people are destroying the rivers."

The Guyana Defense Force (GDF) and foreign ministry maintains that 36 members of the Venezuelan military entered Guyana's land and air space in Cuyuni River near Iguana Island and used explosives to blow up the dredges owned by Guyanese.

FM
Originally Posted by Cobra:

Venezuela is not threatening Guyana, they're objecting to the exploration by ExxonMobil that is heading for Guyana. Guyana told them hands off this operation and they can't do squat about it. They are breaking international laws.

They can refuse to buy Guyanese rice though.   More votes for APNU AFC.

FM
Originally Posted by Cobra:

EH EH

 

PNCR should not accept blame for Rodney’s death

Posted By Staff Writer On March 2, 2015 @ 5:26 am In Local News | No Comments

APNU leader David Granger does not agree that the PNCR, a party that he now leads, should acknowledge culpability in the death of former WPA Leader Dr Walter Rodney based on the issues that have been raised in the ongoing Com-mission of Inquiry (COI) about the party’s role and other matters.

“A year has passed and Guyanese are millions of dollars poorer and we don’t know yet how Walter Rodney met his death.

FM
Originally Posted by Cobra:

There was a tripartite agreement to have the Linden commission of inquiry that cost million of dollars and lost of lives, destruction and violence for weeks. Granger cannot pick and chose.

The police collaborated with the  PPP to lie all the way to their bank account. The mastermind was promoted.  

Tola

Add Reply

×
×
×
×
×
Link copied to your clipboard.
×
×