Exposing the Absurd Misinformation and Propaganda by the PNC/AFC Goons.

There is a big difference between a WAN and LAN fiber optic networks. There are two fiber optic installation projects that are going on in Guyana -a WAN built out and a Metropolitan Area Network –sort of local access network. The former entails DWDM and high speed SONET technologies. The latter is what is known as the distribution Metropolitan Access Network and is primarily low speed mappings. 

 The WAN network connecting Brazil and Guyana is 200km and it is a high speed single mode fiber.  It is not uncommon for such a large fiber optic built out –WAN enterprise -to redo certain links including repairing splices and sometimes replacing an entire link of fiber after the initially installation are completed… keep in mind that there is no control of the none linear effects such as polarization and attenuation which are effects to a large degree by external environmental factors    At that point an OTDR, dispersion, and ORL testing are done... These results- ORL, polarization dispersion, chromatic dispersion and attenuation- loss link budget are then analyzed and compared to the values initially inputted into the design calculation, In this case, I rather suspect that when testing of the entire span was completed it was discovered that the span   exceed the optical budget criteria, including the linear and none linear specifications/variables of the termination equipment. So it takes time and money to identify these links and make the necessary repair as required to achieve the specifications …not at all uncommon in today’s fiber built, especially for 200km extreme/hostile environmental terrain of built out and what appears to be no amplification in the intermediate section…..I have seen many in my years of working in this field.

Spontaneous Emission

A bunch of bull to excuse the failure to deliver as is necessary. 35 million gone and the project is still crippled. It has nothing to do with wan or lan. It has to do with inability solve a problem because the wrong man was at the helm and there only because Daddy toadie is President.

Here is article with some very useful information on internet connection. I think the audience and debaters will be enlightened somewhat.  I am not an expert on this subject matter. Hope it helps.

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In today’s increasingly wireless world, many forget the massive physical infrastructure used to connect everyone to the Internet. Satellites are used for broadcasting, but most of the world’s information is carried over tiny fiber-optic cables buried in the sea bed that span entire oceans.

TeleGeography, a telecommunications market research firm with offices in San Diego,Washington, D.C., the U.K. and Singapore, catalogued all 263 of these cables (and 22 more that are coming soon) and visualized them on its annual Submarine Cable Map. Like an international version of New York City’s subway map, the Submarine Cable Map provides a unique look at how the world is connected in the information age.

The Submarine Cable Map visualizes the vast network of underwater cables that connect the globe.            TeleGeography      

 

TeleGeography’s research director, Alan Mauldin, told CNN that 99 percent of international communications run on these underwater cables.

The advantage to using cables to deliver information is that it is much less expensive than using satellites, so much larger amounts of information can be carried. Although satellites can reach remote parts of the world and projects like the Outernet and Google’s Project Loon aim to use airborne devices to beam wireless Internet to mobile devices, countries around the world are investing more in building new fiber-optic cables.

“In the past year, many cables were being built to the east coast of Africa, where it was all satellite,” Mauldin said. “We're seeing cables to remote islands like Tonga and Vanuatu, bringing extremely small conurbations into the fiber network around the world.”

The developed world is also continually building new cables to back up the existing ones, which constantly face the dangers both natural (earthquakes, landslides, hurricanes, etc.) and manmade (dropped anchors). The 2011 tsunami destroyed many of Japan’s cables, but the country was able to stay online thanks to a healthy network of backups.

Diagram shows what an underwater fiber-optic cable is made of.            TeleGeography      

 

When large, international telecommunications companies like AT&T and Level 3 began laying cables in the early 2000s, they were very expensive. Jon Hjembo, a senior analyst at TeleGeography, explained to the International Business Times that one of the early cables that crossed entire Atlantic ocean cost more than $2 billion, though most today are in hundreds-of-millions range. 

"Length adds to the cost, and complication of the system," Hjembo said. "Point-to-point is more cost effective than [lines] that branch to multiple landing stations in different countries." 

Some of the short, regional cables -- like ones running between the countries of Georgia and Russia, Kuwait and Iran, or Syria and Cyprus -- can be $10 million or less, though Hjembo noted that when one looks at cost-per-kilometer, these cables can actually be more expensive than the longer ones. A recent cable under the Mediterranean cost about $90,000 per kilometer, while a new $560 million trans-pacific cable connecting the U.S. and Asia only ran about $28,000 per kilometer. 

TeleGeography also released an interactive version of the map that lets users select individual cables to view its name, length, owners and landing points, when it came online and even the cable’s website. 

All yuh dumbos cannot get the basics right but you hollering about OC 192 and 40 Gig this and 40 Gig that. How about getting the ****ing basics right for a change?

http://gtmosquito.com/mozzy-ne...11-election-results/

That is all Guyanese want. We want you to get the basics right and stop thiefin tax payers money blatantly. Stop it ***** right now!

billy ram goat and spontaneous combustion, could you explain what you  post.

Like those in the PPP, how do you mix cement?

Daft  like door nail and dem ruling Guyana.

If stamps has shit on it, it will fly right in your mouth.    

***** hole you are back with more useless information which still cannot justify the millions of tax payers money being wasted behind this bullshit project that the PPP still cannot deliver to date.

Paste some more rate tables in dere ***** hole, dress it up like a christmas tree. You are such a dunce ***** its not funny.

Arguing with you is like playing chess against a pig; no matter how good I am at chess, the pig will push her buggery nose knock over the pieces, shit all over the board, and then bend over backwards , raise her tail and show off her rotten garbage victoriously without a fu…..ing clue. ........

Arguing with you is like playing chess against a pig; no matter how good I am at chess, the pig will push her buggery nose knock over the pieces, shit all over the board, and then bend over backwards , raise her tail and show off her rotten garbage victoriously without a fu…..ing clue. ........

HEHEHEHEHEHE!

Is that your contribution???Or you've set aside this special time to humiliate yourself in a typical AFC/PNC Goons fashion.....

Arguing with you is like playing chess against a pig; no matter how good I am at chess, the pig will push her buggery nose knock over the pieces, shit all over the board, and then bend over backwards , raise her tail and show off her rotten garbage victoriously without a fu…..ing clue. ........