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Report of the Commission of Inquiry into the Disturbances in British Guiana in February 1962

http://www.guyana.org/govt/wynnparry_report.html

REPORT OF THE WISMAR, CHRISTIANBURG AND MACKENZIE COMMISSION

http://www.guyana.org/features/wismar_report.html

 

https://guyana.crowdstack.io/topic/w...assacre-commemorated

A seminar and interactive session on the Wismar Indian Massacre drew a packed hall in Richmond Hill last Friday May 26. Various presenters spoke about the massacre of Indo-Guyanese that took place on 26th May 1964 when over 3,000 were physically and psychologically brutalized and expelled out of this multi-ethnic community losing all their possessions and jobs. According to the speakers, and members of the audience who were eyewitnesses, several Indians were murdered, hundreds of women raped (including children), over two hundred and twenty five Indian homes and dozens of businesses razed to the ground, and temples and masjids desecrated as Indians fled for their lives.

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http://www.guyana.org/features/wismar_report.html

CHAPTER 4

ACCOUNT OF NUMBER OF DEATHS, EXTENT OF INJURIES, LOSS AND DAMAGE

(a) Deaths

When one considers the number of East Indians evacuated, the large number of Africans in the area and the negligible opposition which the attackers encountered, the number of fatalities was indeed very small.

There were two East Indians who died on the 25th May, 1964. Richard Khan, aged about 18 years, died at the Mackenzie Hospital two hours after admission. He had been attending high school in Georgetown. The other, Pau1 Mirgin, who operated a tug, was married and lived with his wife and four sons in the Valley of Tears.

Gussie English* an African was shot on the 25th May, 1964. He died the same day.

On the 28th May, 1964, Isaac Bridgewater was killed. He was the father of Senator Christina Ramjattan and lived at Section C, Christianburg.

On the 27th May, 1964, Byron Wharton*, an African, died because of extensive burns suffered when he was trapped in a burning building.

FM
ronan posted:

http://www.guyana.org/features/wismar_report.html

CHAPTER 4

ACCOUNT OF NUMBER OF DEATHS, EXTENT OF INJURIES, LOSS AND DAMAGE

(a) Deaths

When one considers the number of East Indians evacuated, the large number of Africans in the area and the negligible opposition which the attackers encountered, the number of fatalities was indeed very small.

There were two East Indians who died on the 25th May, 1964. Richard Khan, aged about 18 years, died at the Mackenzie Hospital two hours after admission. He had been attending high school in Georgetown. The other, Pau1 Mirgin, who operated a tug, was married and lived with his wife and four sons in the Valley of Tears.

Gussie English* an African was shot on the 25th May, 1964. He died the same day.

On the 28th May, 1964, Isaac Bridgewater was killed. He was the father of Senator Christina Ramjattan and lived at Section C, Christianburg.

On the 27th May, 1964, Byron Wharton*, an African, died because of extensive burns suffered when he was trapped in a burning building.

You only point the names of the negroes that were killed. What about abie coolies? None ah dem nah get killed?

FM
skeldon_man posted:
ronan posted:

http://www.guyana.org/features/wismar_report.html

CHAPTER 4

ACCOUNT OF NUMBER OF DEATHS, EXTENT OF INJURIES, LOSS AND DAMAGE

(a) Deaths

When one considers the number of East Indians evacuated, the large number of Africans in the area and the negligible opposition which the attackers encountered, the number of fatalities was indeed very small.

There were two East Indians who died on the 25th May, 1964. Richard Khan, aged about 18 years, died at the Mackenzie Hospital two hours after admission. He had been attending high school in Georgetown. The other, Pau1 Mirgin, who operated a tug, was married and lived with his wife and four sons in the Valley of Tears.

Gussie English* an African was shot on the 25th May, 1964. He died the same day.

On the 28th May, 1964, Isaac Bridgewater was killed. He was the father of Senator Christina Ramjattan and lived at Section C, Christianburg.

On the 27th May, 1964, Byron Wharton*, an African, died because of extensive burns suffered when he was trapped in a burning building.

You only point the names of the negroes that were killed. What about abie coolies? None ah dem nah get killed?

i did the exact opposite you fool

Richard Khan; Paul Mirgin; Isaac Bridgewater . . . all Indo-Guyanese

smfh

FM
ronan posted:

http://www.guyana.org/features/wismar_report.html

CHAPTER 4

ACCOUNT OF NUMBER OF DEATHS, EXTENT OF INJURIES, LOSS AND DAMAGE

(a) Deaths

When one considers the number of East Indians evacuated, the large number of Africans in the area and the negligible opposition which the attackers encountered, the number of fatalities was indeed very small.

There were two East Indians who died on the 25th May, 1964. Richard Khan, aged about 18 years, died at the Mackenzie Hospital two hours after admission. He had been attending high school in Georgetown. The other, Pau1 Mirgin, who operated a tug, was married and lived with his wife and four sons in the Valley of Tears.

Gussie English* an African was shot on the 25th May, 1964. He died the same day.

On the 28th May, 1964, Isaac Bridgewater was killed. He was the father of Senator Christina Ramjattan and lived at Section C, Christianburg.

On the 27th May, 1964, Byron Wharton*, an African, died because of extensive burns suffered when he was trapped in a burning building.

Redux, Off hand question. Do u know where the valley of tears is?

Sheik101
Sheik101 posted:
ronan posted:

http://www.guyana.org/features/wismar_report.html

CHAPTER 4

ACCOUNT OF NUMBER OF DEATHS, EXTENT OF INJURIES, LOSS AND DAMAGE

(a) Deaths

When one considers the number of East Indians evacuated, the large number of Africans in the area and the negligible opposition which the attackers encountered, the number of fatalities was indeed very small.

There were two East Indians who died on the 25th May, 1964. Richard Khan, aged about 18 years, died at the Mackenzie Hospital two hours after admission. He had been attending high school in Georgetown. The other, Pau1 Mirgin, who operated a tug, was married and lived with his wife and four sons in the Valley of Tears.

Gussie English* an African was shot on the 25th May, 1964. He died the same day.

On the 28th May, 1964, Isaac Bridgewater was killed. He was the father of Senator Christina Ramjattan and lived at Section C, Christianburg.

On the 27th May, 1964, Byron Wharton*, an African, died because of extensive burns suffered when he was trapped in a burning building.

Redux, Off hand question. Do u know where the valley of tears is?

redux doesn't post here anymore

but yes, i do

FM
Last edited by Former Member
skeldon_man posted:
ronan posted:

http://www.guyana.org/features/wismar_report.html

CHAPTER 4


There were two East Indians who died on the 25th May, 1964. Richard Khan, aged about 18 years, died at the Mackenzie Hospital two hours after admission. He had been attending high school in Georgetown. The other, Pau1 Mirgin, who operated a tug, was married and lived with his wife and four sons in the Valley of Tears.

You only point the names of the negroes that were killed. What about abie coolies? None ah dem nah get killed?

Richard Khan, aged about 18 years, Isaac Bridgewater and  Pau1 Mirgin

You missed the names ? they are East Indian.

 

Following the Sun Chapman disaster the bodies of 35 persons were taken to Mackenzie and 12 others were listed as missing or unidentified. All of these were Africans.

The Sun Chapman incident resulted in five East Indians being murdered at Mackenzie.

 

(c) Loss and Damage

The number of families displaced is 744 comprising 1,249 adults and 2,150 children making a total of 3,399 individuals.

Two hundred and twenty houses were destroyed. Of those, five belonged to Africans. Three of the five were destroyed either because they were owed by P.P.P. members or by persons who had assisted East Indiana during the disturbances. The other two could not have been saved when large Indian buildings adjacent to them were on fire.

http://www.guyana.org/features...report.html#chapter4

Django
Last edited by Django
ronan posted:

http://www.guyana.org/features/wismar_report.html

CHAPTER 4

ACCOUNT OF NUMBER OF DEATHS, EXTENT OF INJURIES, LOSS AND DAMAGE

(a) Deaths

When one considers the number of East Indians evacuated, the large number of Africans in the area and the negligible opposition which the attackers encountered, the number of fatalities was indeed very small.

There were two East Indians who died on the 25th May, 1964. Richard Khan, aged about 18 years, died at the Mackenzie Hospital two hours after admission. He had been attending high school in Georgetown. The other, Pau1 Mirgin, who operated a tug, was married and lived with his wife and four sons in the Valley of Tears.

Gussie English* an African was shot on the 25th May, 1964. He died the same day.

On the 28th May, 1964, Isaac Bridgewater was killed. He was the father of Senator Christina Ramjattan and lived at Section C, Christianburg.

On the 27th May, 1964, Byron Wharton*, an African, died because of extensive burns suffered when he was trapped in a burning building.

1. Richard Khan -- My Cousin.

2. Isaac Bridgewater -- My Godfather.

3. Paul Mirgin -- Family.

These are only the names published in the reports.

There were numerous others who died later due to the things done to them; plus many who disappeared and were unaccounted-for.

The statement of this article is incorrect  ---

--- FACTS - about the LIES told that- 3000 Indo Guyanese was Massacared at Wismar, British Guiana ---

FM
ronan posted:
Sheik101 posted:
ronan posted:

http://www.guyana.org/features/wismar_report.html

CHAPTER 4

ACCOUNT OF NUMBER OF DEATHS, EXTENT OF INJURIES, LOSS AND DAMAGE

(a) Deaths

When one considers the number of East Indians evacuated, the large number of Africans in the area and the negligible opposition which the attackers encountered, the number of fatalities was indeed very small.

There were two East Indians who died on the 25th May, 1964. Richard Khan, aged about 18 years, died at the Mackenzie Hospital two hours after admission. He had been attending high school in Georgetown. The other, Pau1 Mirgin, who operated a tug, was married and lived with his wife and four sons in the Valley of Tears.

Gussie English* an African was shot on the 25th May, 1964. He died the same day.

On the 28th May, 1964, Isaac Bridgewater was killed. He was the father of Senator Christina Ramjattan and lived at Section C, Christianburg.

On the 27th May, 1964, Byron Wharton*, an African, died because of extensive burns suffered when he was trapped in a burning building.

Redux, Off hand question. Do u know where the valley of tears is?

redux doesn't post here anymore

but yes, i do

Yu back peddle fass bai. Lol.  I spend some time there too. Couple a days. Jus wanted to know if u know the spot. Nice place.

Sheik101
Demerara_Guy posted:

1. Richard Khan -- My Cousin.

2. Isaac Bridgewater -- My Godfather.

3. Paul Mirgin -- Family.

These are only the names published in the reports.

There were numerous others who died later due to the things done to them; plus many who disappeared and were unaccounted-for.

The statement of this article is incorrect  ---

--- FACTS - about the LIES told that- 3000 Indo Guyanese was Massacared at Wismar, British Guiana ---

making the case that there are unaccounted dead is LIGHT YEARS away from WICKED RACE PROPAGANDA anchored in multiplying 3 by 1000

smfh

FM

http://www.guyana.org/features/Day_1.pdf

Transcripts–

Day 1 –Monday, 16 November 1964

SUGRIM SINGH:

In my opening remarks I shall refer only to events, persons and organisations which may figure in the inquiry. I shall refrain from expressing any opinion on the issues which fall within the ambit of your jurisdiction, for this would be clearly outside of my function and would constitute a trespass on your domain, thereby usurping your rights. In other words, Members of the Commission, it is my function to assist you, but in assisting you I must avoid any imputation of partiality or expression of any opinion on the issues before you.

I now pass to the background leading to the disturbances at Wismar. At the outset I wish to say that it is an accepted fact that the disturbances at Wismar around the 25th of May, 1964 were in effect an attack on the Indian section of the population by the Africans in the area who outnumbered the Indians residing there.Out of a population of around 18,000 in the Wismar-Mackenzie area, there were only around 2,500 persons of East Indian decent. Many of them owned their own homes and worked with the Demerara Bauxite Company in various departments.

Others owned business premises on the Wismar side of the river.The Demerara Bauxite Company, situated about 65 miles up the Demerara River, employs about 3,500 persons. A few of these live on the Mackenzie side of the river, but the greater number live on the Wismar side of the river, owning their own homes and business places. Many of these homes have been built with interest-free loans from the Company which also has a very wide and efficient service in every field for its employees. The Company was registered in British Guiana in 1916, and since then has made marked and rapid strides over the years, and today contributes around 15 percent of the total revenue and one-third of our income tax. It has just completed its industrial plant at a cost of around $65 million, of which amount the sum of nearly $22 million dollars was spent locally on wages and materials. Bauxite and sugar account for nearly 75 percent of the exports of our country.

The Company’s operations are located at Mackenzie which takes its name from George Bain Mackenzie, one of the early pioneers in the industry. Government, income tax, royalties, and other payments take around 50 percent of the Company’s profits. Guianese find lucrative employment at Mackenzie, and today the Wismar-Mackenzie area is the second most densely populated area in the country.British Guiana is a land of many races; to be specific the two largest groups by racial origin are those of East Indian and African descent. In British Guiana there are estimated to be about 300,000 East Indians, 204,000 Negroes, and about 120,000 others including Amerindians, Chinese, Whites and Mixed.

The East Indians usually marry young according to their personal laws and customs and raise large families. The 1960 census shows that the proportion of the popu1ation of East Indian origin had risen to 47 percent, from 44 percent, while the proportion of African origin has fallen to 34 percent from 38 percent. The proportion of Mixed origin has remained at 10 or 11 percent, those of Amerindian origin at 4 percent, European at 3 percent and Chinese at 1 percent.Africans and East Indians were brought to this country to supply labour and have each made their respective contribution to the development of this country.

In the early days they lived like brothers and sisters and shared in each other’s joys and sorrows.They respected each other and lived in complete harmony.Those days are no more.

Over the years so many things have crept in the lives of their descendants that the entire peace and harmony which had existed before from one corner of the country to another is today replaced by hatred and anger, disharmony and distrust; and the country is enveloped in a struggle for racial supremacy in every field so deep-rooted that some call for partition

The Wismar Commission Report 

Members of the Commission, it is common knowledge that the East Indians and Africans came together as never before in the 1953 elections and swept the polls. Guianese cannot forget the striking scenes of unity and brotherhood between East Indians and Africans in those days.

Then something happened. From then on wards this historic get together of the two major races began slowly to fade into oblivion, the gulf between them getting wider and deeper over the past decade, complicating the political atmosphere more and more, and culminating in a situation today when that national spirit has receded into the background. It is the sincere wish of all sane and sober Guianese to have this national spirit revived, and revived very soon, putting an end racial hatred, which like a cancer has eaten away that spirit of brotherhood and harmony –the priceless legacy bequeathed to us by those simple folk who have gone before.The two outstanding personalities who achieved this unprecedented unity of the East Indians and the Africans in 1953 were Dr. Cheddi Jagan and Mr. Linden Forbes Burnham, Q.C., as Leader and Chairman respectively of the People’s Progressive Party, referred to as the P.P.P.

They separated afterwards and then as a result of this fissiparous tendency on both sides, over the years, East Indians in the majority went on the side of Dr. Jagan and his People’s Progressive Party and Africans in the majority went on the side of Mr. Forbes Burnham. It is not within my province to discuss the reasons why, but the fact remains that today our country is confronted with serious division which makes the future sad and gloomy unless something quite radical happens in the near future.In the 1961 elections the P.P.P., which did not contest six seats, polled 93,075 votes or 42 percent of the votes cast.

The People’s National Congress, the Leader of which Party is Mr. Forbes Burnham, polled 89,501 votes or 40.99 percent of the votes cast. The United Force, of which Mr. Peter D’Aguiar is the leader, polled 16.38 percent of the votes cast. The P.P.P. obtained 20 seats, the P.N.C. 11 seats and the United Force 4 seats. Dr. Jagan, accordingly, formed the Government, but it was argued that if the other two parties had united they would have together obtained 57.37 of the votes and a clear majority.Coming back to the disturbances at Wismar, racial tension has beensince 1953 unnoticed but began to emerge into prominence later. The Kaldor budget, the Labour Relations Bill, and the eighty days’ strike which followed, all in their own way increased this racial hatred.

There were several racial clashes along with looting, arson and murder, enhancing racial tension all the time.Then came the Guiana Agricultural Workers’ Union strike for recognition in the sugar industry on the 11th February 1964. The sugar industry recognised the Man Power Citizens Association as the bargaining union for sugar workers. This strike, which started at Leonora Estate on the West Coast of Demerara, soon spread all over the Colony, and brought in its train murder, arson rape and violence, particularly at Casbah, De Willem, Annandale and Ann’s Grove, culminating in the Wismar tragedy in which over two thousand East Indians had to flee from Wismar, losing all they owned and suffering beatings and indignities unparalleled in the history of this country.

Many of them are today bereaved and destitute seeking shelter in various parts of the country.These defenceless people, all to a man, had to be rescued and removed to the city of Georgetown. Many have witnessed the most gruesome behaviour of their neighbours, and evidence is that the rest of the population in the area stood by and allowed these atrocities to be committed under their very eyes, perhaps afraid to intervene and run the risk of being involved.

Django
In these times of national crisis, the corporation of all is needed but this cannot be obtained, for there is such glaring evidence of discrimination."
        â€”Forbes Burnham, May 27, 1964
“In May 1964, the Negroes at Wismar formed themselves into gangs and went to the business places and homes of the Indians and demanded the keys of the safety boxes and drawers in which they kept their cash, jewellery and other valuable articles. Shortly afterwards, a house at Third Alley was set on fire and soon the whole area became an inferno as the gangs roamed looting, burning and terrorizing the 1,600 Indians as they tried to escape. Every man, woman and child was attacked. The men brutally beaten and the clothes of the women and even girls of tender ages were ripped away. The women and girls were raped in full public view by gangs of men.”—Dwarka Nath, A History of Indian in Guyana.
GUYANA UNDER SIEGE
 
May 26—The Wismar Page: One
 
          
 
by Rakesh Rampertab 
 
 
 
 
 
        
 

Wismar is a charged topic not only because Indian people were murdered, Indian women raped, Indian-owned proerties burned, and hundreds of Indians forced to flee from there homes despite being taxpayers and free men and women of the British Empire. Wismar is a charged topic because one half of Guyana continues to deny its seriousness, refusing to accept that wholesale public denounciation of May 26 is a necessary part of any possible reconciliation for the future. Wismar is a charged topic not only because every national election is an occasion for Indians to be attacked, robbed, sexualy assaulted, shot, and intimidated in general. Wismar is a charged topic because the national political leadership by the PPP and PNC have thus far, allowed Wismar to remain a taboo subject instead of history. In the future, children of Guyana shall speak of Wismar as something that never happened.

When I say wholesale denounciation, I mean that Guyana cannot move beyond Wismar unless it selects a new date for its Independence celebration. By wholesale denounciation, I mean something much more that a children song, such as was done (in a doggerel) for the 1980 Independence celebration by Mr. Edwin Vanderyar which says;

 

THE WISMAR MASSACRE

by Fazil (Raymond) Ali

In the early 1960s Wismar and Christianburg were two mixed villages where Indo-Guyanese resided in the predominantly Afro-Guyanese (90 per cent) mining town of Mackenzie, located some 65 miles up the Demarara river from the capital of Georgetown.
But after independence from Britain, the name of the bauxite town was changed from Mackenzie to Linden. The PNC leader Linden Forbes Sampson Burnham named it after himself. It had been the scene of his greatest political triumph.
Did Burnham really change the name of the town from Mackenzie to Linden because he wanted to remove the colonial legacy and substitute a local name for a foreign or colonial one? If this was truly Burnham’s intention, then could have renamed Georgetown, which was of course named after King George of England.
Instead Burnham’s real motive for naming the town after himself was to symbolically establish his stamp and mark over a massacre where he had reigned supreme over Indo-Guyanese.
In short, "Linden" was a message to Indo-Guyanese that if they challenged him (Burnham) they could expect the same fate as the Indo-Guyanese community experienced on the 24th, 25th, and 26th of Mat 1964 in Mackenzie.
However, Burnham’s move to change the name from Mackenzie to Linden was only of his many acts to show his supremacy and superiority over the Indo-Guyanese community. He had earlier humiliated the same community by recommending the 26th of May 1966 as Guyana’s Independence Day to the British. The PPP was had fought so hard for the freedom of Guyana welcomed the end of British rule but did not participate in the independence celebrations with the same enthusiasm with which if fought to free Guyana. This was the same exact date and month that Indo-Guyanese in Mackenzie were murdered, raped, and burnt alive Blacks in the country’s worst racial violence.
The intensity of the racial violence perpetrated countrywide by Forbes Burnham’s People’s National Congress (PNC) and Peter D’Aguiar’s United Force (UF) was instrumental in bringing down Dr. Jagan’s PPP government after reaching its apex in Mackenzie.

The massacre of Indo-Guyanese began at Wismar and lasted for over 38 hours, beginning from Sunday May 24th and ending on Tuesday May 26, 1964. In the 38 hours of brutality, barbarism, and savagery on some 2000 Indo-Guyanese living in villages of Wismar and Christianburg, some 18000 Afro-Guyanese armed with cutlasses, wooden poles, gasoline bombs and guns burnt and destroyed over 230 Indo-Guyanese homes and businesses. Indo-Guyanese who thought they could find shelter in their own homes were confronted and beaten by large mobs of Afro-Guyanese screaming "kill de coolies" as their homes were burnt to the ground. One family whose home was burnt was confronted by a large mob who beat the wife unconscious, repeatedly stabbing the husband and then continuing to kick and molest two smaller children. This occurrence was by no means isolated. Some families who managed to escape from the villages into the nearby forest were also hunted down like animals.

However, their chances of survival were much better in the forest than in the villages. In addition to the mass burning and looting which resulted in over 1500 Indo-Guyanese becoming homeless, and the indiscriminate beating of Indo-Guyanese men, women, and children, 8 women were raped including two girls. Some of the women were repeatedly raped as the marauding band took turns on Indo-Guyanese women victims. This figure may even be higher since Guyanese women who were victims of rape seldom come forward and admit to such a heinous crime due to the shame associated with it. Once man was also burnt alive. Another, Mr. Ramjattan, a supporter of the PPP was found decapitated.

Injuries were in the hundreds, ranging from gunshot wounds, knife wounds, burns, broken bones, and mutilated bodies. One Indo-Guyanese man had both his legs and feet broken. An employee from the Demarara Bauxite Company said: "The Indians never had a chance". A Black woman showing no remorse said: "De ga wa dem deserve" (They coolies get what they deserved).
The evacuation of Indo-Guyanese from the massacre sites at Wismar and Christainburg did not take place until the evening of May 25th. 

Two river steamers were commissioned to take the first batch of 1300 Indo-Guyanese refugees to Georgetown where they were booed, jeered, and pelted with bricks by Blacks as they arrived. A Red Cross worker said of the survivors: "Few wept, but the hundreds of children appeared terrified and frightened."

Out of the 1300 that arrived, 300 found shelter with relatives while the rest slept on the concrete floor of the pier warehouse in Georgetown huddling in fear while covered with tarpaulins and rice bags.
Temporary shelter was soon set up at a factory outside Georgetown with many other refugees later being put up in predominantly Indo-Guyanese areas. 

For the rest of the 26th, 27th, and 28th about 500 Indo-Guyanese who had been hiding in the forest surrounding Wismar and Christainburg came out and were taken to the refugee camps outside Georgetown.

It is quite clear that the results of the massacres could have been significantly reduced or even avoided altogether, if the 75 members of the Mackenzie Police and Volunteer Force had not been all Blacks. The entire armed forces detachment at Mackenzie, which was heavily armed, took no offensive action while many friends, family and neighbors were carrying out the atrocities. Many members of the Police and Volunteer Forces took part in the looting, beating and killing of Indo-Guyanese as they had specialized military training as a profession.

In one incident two armed Black Volunteers refused to intervene when two Indo-Guyanese women were being raped. Instead, the women had to be rescued by employees from DEMBA. In another case, the Volunteer Force shot a young Indo-Guyanese man to death because he refused to stop at their command. 

In those 38 hours of the massacre no Afro-Guyanese was arrested and only two wounded by bullets.
Janet Jagan, then Minister of Home Affairs on June 1st in a speech to the Guyana Parliament equated the suffering at Wismar to genocide since the police had done nothing to prevent the massacre. 
She said, "It is possible for anyone to believe that, with the widespread violence, arson, rape, and murder, there could have been no show of force by the armed police and armed volunteers. Since this is impossible to accept, one can only come to the conclusion that planned genocide of a village was carried out with the connivance of all concerned." 

She then resigned to protest the British Police Commissioner not responding to her orders.
However, it was not until after 24 hours of the violent massacre that British troops eventually arrived in the mining town. Their only suggestion was to evacuate the area. 
The British troops they were powerless to stop the violence and the most that they (the troops) could do was to impose a curfew. The curfew did manage to quiet the situation but most of the killing, rapes, burning and beatings had already taken place.

The massacre of Indo-Guyanese in Wismar and Christianburg has remained a well-hidden and well-guarded secret. Not only have Guyanese failed to record and seriously document this important part of our history but also the older generations of Indo-Guyanese have not passed on this information even orally. Up to today these is no accurate figures on the number of Indo-Guyanese that have died during the Wismar massacre.

When Guyana’s Independence Day is celebrated on May 26th, Indo-Guyanese should also take time off to acknowledge those who suffered and died in the Wismar-Christianburg massacre. It may be necessary some atrocities orchestrated against them by the PNC, but we must not forget how and why it occurred.
All Guyanese must ensure it does not happen again. How can this be done? Obviously the International Commission of Jurists (ICJ) recommendations which the PNC government agreed to implement must now be reflected in the Guyanese armed forces. Then any "ethnic cleansing" of other communities like Mackenzie will not reoccur again. Never again!

Notes: 
New York Times: "East Indians flee race violence in British Guiana mining area." Wednesday, May 27th, 1964.
New York Times: "Official accuse Police in British Guiana." Thursday, May 28th, 1964.
Time Magazine: "British Guiana race war." June 5th, 1964.
Newsweek Magazine: "Politics of violence." June 8th, 1964.
Facts on File, Volume XXIV: "British Guiana." June 4, 1964.


[Editor’s Note: The writer, Mr. Raymond Ali is a 1992 graduate of Brooklyn College with a BA in Economics. He served as Vice President of the Indo-West Indian Movement at Brooklyn College (1990-1991). Article being sourced from East Indians in the New World: 155 Anniversary (1838-1993). A publication of the Indo-Caribbean Federation of North, May 15, 1993.]

FM
Last edited by Former Member
Drugb posted:

Keep on compromising your ethics in support of pnc, meanwhile druggie will honor those who were victims to black bullyism instead of celebrating this day chosen for independence. 

My ethics are not compromised, truths are golden.

Find out the what caused the Wismar riots , probable you may avoid the blame game. When both sides are guilty. It's discussed on a thread here.

Django
Last edited by Django

the EVIL act of multiplying 3 by 1000 to create RACE PROPAGANDA is properly the lens through which these frenzied fictionalizations and decontextualizations of events 55 years old should be viewed

watching people who i know know better sign on to the rank opportunist tribalisms of IAC, ROAR, 'Guyana Under Siege" and the Bharrat Jagdeo tiefman gang is sobering and hardening . . . yes, Frank Anthony, that includes you too

y'all defile the memory those Indo-Guyanese who really suffered then by cynically yoking their dark experiences to a HORRIBLE LIE in a recurring thrust/lust for political power and domination rooted in race ideology and unbounded greed

smh

FM
ronan posted:

http://www.guyana.org/features/wismar_report.html

CHAPTER 4

ACCOUNT OF NUMBER OF DEATHS, EXTENT OF INJURIES, LOSS AND DAMAGE

(a) Deaths

When one considers the number of East Indians evacuated, the large number of Africans in the area and the negligible opposition which the attackers encountered, the number of fatalities was indeed very small.

There were two East Indians who died on the 25th May, 1964. Richard Khan, aged about 18 years, died at the Mackenzie Hospital two hours after admission. He had been attending high school in Georgetown. The other, Pau1 Mirgin, who operated a tug, was married and lived with his wife and four sons in the Valley of Tears.

Gussie English* an African was shot on the 25th May, 1964. He died the same day.

On the 28th May, 1964, Isaac Bridgewater was killed. He was the father of Senator Christina Ramjattan and lived at Section C, Christianburg.

On the 27th May, 1964, Byron Wharton*, an African, died because of extensive burns suffered when he was trapped in a burning building.

Django....a couple of questions...

1. People calling this a "massacre" might be too extreme. The killing of the native Amerindians with the introduction of smallpox would be dubbed a massacre in my view. Would this be considered "ethnic cleansing" as one of the lawyer is saying?

2. Are there people who used to live in that area still alive today who can provide testimony of what happen? These seems to be a lot of disagreements with the language of the COI.

3. Why did the PNC/Burnham select this day to mark Guyana's independence? There is nothing I can find that suggests there is "lets stick it to dem Indos" in choosing this date. Was this coincidental, and the PNC simply not concerned about the backlash?

4. Was the Sum Chapman tragedy a reaction to the Wismar event? I have read about both event but some have suggested that the bombing of the boat may have been related to the event in Wismar.

5. It seems easy to blame Afros and Indos for engaging in dastardly behavior with these events, but it seems like people are excusing the British for their actions at creating a division between the two groups, no? 

V
VishMahabir posted:

Who is this Fazil Ali dude...is he some kind of researcher, professor, reporter...cant find anything on the internet on him.

He is playing fast and loose with "facts"

 

Look like since he left Brooklyn College he has not published anything...most of the information se put together seems to come from secondary sources...

 

V
Django posted:
Drugb posted:

Keep on compromising your ethics in support of pnc, meanwhile druggie will honor those who were victims to black bullyism instead of celebrating this day chosen for independence. 

My ethics are not compromised, truths are golden.

Find out the what caused the Wismar riots , probable you may avoid the blame game. When both sides are guilty. It's discussed on a thread here.

No excuse for killing and driving out 3000 Indos out of their homes. This is how creatures like you justify the rawanda cockroaches massacre, the jewish holocaust, polpot killings and serbian massacres. I suppose the people in bartica, lindo creek and lusignan deserved what the pnc dished out in retribution for indo governance. 

FM
Drugb posted:

No excuse for killing and driving out 3000 Indos out of their homes. This is how creatures like you justify the rawanda cockroaches massacre, the jewish holocaust, polpot killings and serbian massacres.

practicing Goebbelsspeak for sport

you think this is funny like your wheelchair and shytebag comedy?

smfh

FM
ronan posted:
Drugb posted:

No excuse for killing and driving out 3000 Indos out of their homes. This is how creatures like you justify the rawanda cockroaches massacre, the jewish holocaust, polpot killings and serbian massacres.

practicing Goebbelsspeak for sport

you think this is funny like your wheelchair and shytebag comedy?

smfh

brushing off the brutalization of 3000 indos is funny to you? No wonder they have great animosity for afroGs. 

FM
Drugb posted:
ronan posted:
Drugb posted:

No excuse for killing and driving out 3000 Indos out of their homes. This is how creatures like you justify the rawanda cockroaches massacre, the jewish holocaust, polpot killings and serbian massacres.

practicing Goebbelsspeak for sport

you think this is funny like your wheelchair and shytebag comedy?

smfh

brushing off the brutalization of 3000 indos is funny to you? No wonder they have great animosity for afroGs. 

posting incoherent, non sequitur shyte for shyte sake . . . hmmmm?

upsideddown shakeabatty

yaaaawwwn

FM
GUYANA UNDER SIEGE
 
May 26—The Wismar Page: One
 
          
 
by Rakesh Rampertab 
 
 
 
 
 
  Essay, May 26: TabooThe Wismar ReportWismar Page Two   
 

Wismar is a charged topic not only because Indian people were murdered, Indian women raped, Indian-owned proerties burned, and hundreds of Indians forced to flee from there homes despite being taxpayers and free men and women of the British Empire. Wismar is a charged topic because one half of Guyana continues to deny its seriousness, refusing to accept that wholesale public denounciation of May 26 is a necessary part of any possible reconciliation for the future. Wismar is a charged topic not only because every national election is an occasion for Indians to be attacked, robbed, sexualy assaulted, shot, and intimidated in general. Wismar is a charged topic because the national political leadership by the PPP and PNC have thus far, allowed Wismar to remain a taboo subject instead of history. In the future, children of Guyana shall speak of Wismar as something that never happened.

When I say wholesale denounciation, I mean that Guyana cannot move beyond Wismar unless it selects a new date for its Independence celebration. By wholesale denounciation, I mean something much more that a children song, such as was done (in a doggerel) for the 1980 Independence celebration by Mr. Edwin Vanderyar which says;



 

THE WISMAR MASSACRE

by Fazil (Raymond) Ali

In the early 1960s Wismar and Christianburg were two mixed villages where Indo-Guyanese resided in the predominantly Afro-Guyanese (90 per cent) mining town of Mackenzie, located some 65 miles up the Demarara river from the capital of Georgetown.
But after independence from Britain, the name of the bauxite town was changed from Mackenzie to Linden. The PNC leader Linden Forbes Sampson Burnham named it after himself. It had been the scene of his greatest political triumph.
Did Burnham really change the name of the town from Mackenzie to Linden because he wanted to remove the colonial legacy and substitute a local name for a foreign or colonial one? If this was truly Burnham’s intention, then could have renamed Georgetown, which was of course named after King George of England.
Instead Burnham’s real motive for naming the town after himself was to symbolically establish his stamp and mark over a massacre where he had reigned supreme over Indo-Guyanese.
In short, "Linden" was a message to Indo-Guyanese that if they challenged him (Burnham) they could expect the same fate as the Indo-Guyanese community experienced on the 24th, 25th, and 26th of Mat 1964 in Mackenzie.
However, Burnham’s move to change the name from Mackenzie to Linden was only of his many acts to show his supremacy and superiority over the Indo-Guyanese community. He had earlier humiliated the same community by recommending the 26th of May 1966 as Guyana’s Independence Day to the British. The PPP was had fought so hard for the freedom of Guyana welcomed the end of British rule but did not participate in the independence celebrations with the same enthusiasm with which if fought to free Guyana. This was the same exact date and month that Indo-Guyanese in Mackenzie were murdered, raped, and burnt alive Blacks in the country’s worst racial violence.
The intensity of the racial violence perpetrated countrywide by Forbes Burnham’s People’s National Congress (PNC) and Peter D’Aguiar’s United Force (UF) was instrumental in bringing down Dr. Jagan’s PPP government after reaching its apex in Mackenzie.

The massacre of Indo-Guyanese began at Wismar and lasted for over 38 hours, beginning from Sunday May 24th and ending on Tuesday May 26, 1964. In the 38 hours of brutality, barbarism, and savagery on some 2000 Indo-Guyanese living in villages of Wismar and Christianburg, some 18000 Afro-Guyanese armed with cutlasses, wooden poles, gasoline bombs and guns burnt and destroyed over 230 Indo-Guyanese homes and businesses. Indo-Guyanese who thought they could find shelter in their own homes were confronted and beaten by large mobs of Afro-Guyanese screaming "kill de coolies" as their homes were burnt to the ground. One family whose home was burnt was confronted by a large mob who beat the wife unconscious, repeatedly stabbing the husband and then continuing to kick and molest two smaller children. This occurrence was by no means isolated. Some families who managed to escape from the villages into the nearby forest were also hunted down like animals.

However, their chances of survival were much better in the forest than in the villages. In addition to the mass burning and looting which resulted in over 1500 Indo-Guyanese becoming homeless, and the indiscriminate beating of Indo-Guyanese men, women, and children, 8 women were raped including two girls. Some of the women were repeatedly raped as the marauding band took turns on Indo-Guyanese women victims. This figure may even be higher since Guyanese women who were victims of rape seldom come forward and admit to such a heinous crime due to the shame associated with it. Once man was also burnt alive. Another, Mr. Ramjattan, a supporter of the PPP was found decapitated.

Injuries were in the hundreds, ranging from gunshot wounds, knife wounds, burns, broken bones, and mutilated bodies. One Indo-Guyanese man had both his legs and feet broken. An employee from the Demarara Bauxite Company said: "The Indians never had a chance". A Black woman showing no remorse said: "De ga wa dem deserve" (They coolies get what they deserved).
The evacuation of Indo-Guyanese from the massacre sites at Wismar and Christainburg did not take place until the evening of May 25th. 

Two river steamers were commissioned to take the first batch of 1300 Indo-Guyanese refugees to Georgetown where they were booed, jeered, and pelted with bricks by Blacks as they arrived. A Red Cross worker said of the survivors: "Few wept, but the hundreds of children appeared terrified and frightened."

Out of the 1300 that arrived, 300 found shelter with relatives while the rest slept on the concrete floor of the pier warehouse in Georgetown huddling in fear while covered with tarpaulins and rice bags.
Temporary shelter was soon set up at a factory outside Georgetown with many other refugees later being put up in predominantly Indo-Guyanese areas. 

For the rest of the 26th, 27th, and 28th about 500 Indo-Guyanese who had been hiding in the forest surrounding Wismar and Christainburg came out and were taken to the refugee camps outside Georgetown.

It is quite clear that the results of the massacres could have been significantly reduced or even avoided altogether, if the 75 members of the Mackenzie Police and Volunteer Force had not been all Blacks. The entire armed forces detachment at Mackenzie, which was heavily armed, took no offensive action while many friends, family and neighbors were carrying out the atrocities. Many members of the Police and Volunteer Forces took part in the looting, beating and killing of Indo-Guyanese as they had specialized military training as a profession.

In one incident two armed Black Volunteers refused to intervene when two Indo-Guyanese women were being raped. Instead, the women had to be rescued by employees from DEMBA. In another case, the Volunteer Force shot a young Indo-Guyanese man to death because he refused to stop at their command. 

In those 38 hours of the massacre no Afro-Guyanese was arrested and only two wounded by bullets.
Janet Jagan, then Minister of Home Affairs on June 1st in a speech to the Guyana Parliament equated the suffering at Wismar to genocide since the police had done nothing to prevent the massacre. 
She said, "It is possible for anyone to believe that, with the widespread violence, arson, rape, and murder, there could have been no show of force by the armed police and armed volunteers. Since this is impossible to accept, one can only come to the conclusion that planned genocide of a village was carried out with the connivance of all concerned." 

She then resigned to protest the British Police Commissioner not responding to her orders.
However, it was not until after 24 hours of the violent massacre that British troops eventually arrived in the mining town. Their only suggestion was to evacuate the area. 
The British troops they were powerless to stop the violence and the most that they (the troops) could do was to impose a curfew. The curfew did manage to quiet the situation but most of the killing, rapes, burning and beatings had already taken place.

The massacre of Indo-Guyanese in Wismar and Christianburg has remained a well-hidden and well-guarded secret. Not only have Guyanese failed to record and seriously document this important part of our history but also the older generations of Indo-Guyanese have not passed on this information even orally. Up to today these is no accurate figures on the number of Indo-Guyanese that have died during the Wismar massacre.

When Guyana’s Independence Day is celebrated on May 26th, Indo-Guyanese should also take time off to acknowledge those who suffered and died in the Wismar-Christianburg massacre. It may be necessary some atrocities orchestrated against them by the PNC, but we must not forget how and why it occurred.
All Guyanese must ensure it does not happen again. How can this be done? Obviously the International Commission of Jurists (ICJ) recommendations which the PNC government agreed to implement must now be reflected in the Guyanese armed forces. Then any "ethnic cleansing" of other communities like Mackenzie will not reoccur again. Never again!

Notes: 
New York Times: "East Indians flee race violence in British Guiana mining area." Wednesday, May 27th, 1964.
New York Times: "Official accuse Police in British Guiana." Thursday, May 28th, 1964.
Time Magazine: "British Guiana race war." June 5th, 1964.
Newsweek Magazine: "Politics of violence." June 8th, 1964.
Facts on File, Volume XXIV: "British Guiana." June 4, 1964.


[Editor’s Note: The writer, Mr. Raymond Ali is a 1992 graduate of Brooklyn College with a BA in Economics. He served as Vice President of the Indo-West Indian Movement at Brooklyn College (1990-1991). Article being sourced from East Indians in the New World: 155 Anniversary (1838-1993). A publication of the Indo-Caribbean Federation of North, May 15, 1993.]

http://www.guyanaundersiege.co...ar/wismar%20page.htm

FM

http://www.guyana.org/features/wismar_report.html

CHAPTER 4

ACCOUNT OF NUMBER OF DEATHS, EXTENT OF INJURIES, LOSS AND DAMAGE

(a) Deaths

When one considers the number of East Indians evacuated, the large number of Africans in the area and the negligible opposition which the attackers encountered, the number of fatalities was indeed very small.

There were two East Indians who died on the 25th May, 1964. Richard Khan, aged about 18 years, died at the Mackenzie Hospital two hours after admission. He had been attending high school in Georgetown. The other, Pau1 Mirgin, who operated a tug, was married and lived with his wife and four sons in the Valley of Tears.

Gussie English* an African was shot on the 25th May, 1964. He died the same day.

On the 28th May, 1964, Isaac Bridgewater was killed. He was the father of Senator Christina Ramjattan and lived at Section C, Christianburg.

On the 27th May, 1964, Byron Wharton*, an African, died because of extensive burns suffered when he was trapped in a burning building.

FM
Prashad posted:

If the head of an East Indian man can be chopped off then that clearly indicates the level of savage brutal racial hate that we are dealing with. We East Indians and Douglas of Guyana have ISIS type hate in our lives in Guyana.

uh huh

perhaps you should also have a conversation with those who discovered the mutilated bodies of the Sealeys in the Buxton back dam or the son whose mother's body could only be ID'd from her wedding ring, her unborn child blown out of her stomach, when the Sun Chapman corpses started arriving from the Huradia mass murder scene

FM
Last edited by Former Member
ronan posted:
Prashad posted:

If the head of an East Indian man can be chopped off then that clearly indicates the level of savage brutal racial hate that we are dealing with. We East Indians and Douglas of Guyana have ISIS type hate in our lives in Guyana.

uh huh

perhaps you should also have a conversation with those who discovered the mutilated bodies of the Sealeys in the Buxton back dam or the son whose mother's body could only be ID'd from her wedding ring, her unborn child blown out of her stomach, when the Sun Chapman corpses started arriving from the Huradia mass murder scene

So if dem coolie done dat, they should say "De ga wa dem deserve" (They coolies get what they deserved)? Don't go SYFH now.

FM
skeldon_man posted:
ronan posted:
Prashad posted:

If the head of an East Indian man can be chopped off then that clearly indicates the level of savage brutal racial hate that we are dealing with. We East Indians and Douglas of Guyana have ISIS type hate in our lives in Guyana.

uh huh

perhaps you should also have a conversation with those who discovered the mutilated bodies of the Sealeys in the Buxton back dam or the son whose mother's body could only be ID'd from her wedding ring, her unborn child blown out of her stomach, when the Sun Chapman corpses started arriving from the Huradia mass murder scene

So if dem coolie done dat, they should say "De ga wa dem deserve" (They coolies get what they deserved)? Don't go SYFH now.

not sure what you saying here

you sound confused

FM

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